Calville Blanc
Sweet

Unknown Parentage

Introduced prior to 1595. Fruit are medium to large, round/conic, extensively ribbed with distinct crowning. Fruit are yellow with slight red blush. Flesh is moderately firm, course, sub acid, aromatic flavour which mellows with storage. Late season harvest; Late October, early November. Moderate storage. Tree is hardy, vigorous, spreading with weeping branches. Bloom is mid-season. Tree is susceptible to scab and powdery mildew. Good cooking apple.

Golden Russet
Sweet

Unknown Parentage

US heritage apple. Fruit are small to medium in size, golden yellow to brownish over colour and heavy russet often present. High sugar, late maturity; late October, early bloom, moderate crop load, moderate vigor, spreading, can get some blind wood. Medium storage, with fruit shriveling if picked too early. Tree is somewhat hardy, crops light; vigour is moderate, bear’s fruit terminally on branches. Susceptible to fireblight.

Miki Life (Apple #21)
Sweet

Senshu x Tsugaru

Originating in Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, Japan by Seiichi Kudo in 1981. Fruit have a bright red over-colour with red stripes over a greenish ground colour. Flesh is coarse, very juicy with low acid and moderate sweetness. Early-mid harvest season, short storage life. Tree is vigorous, precocious with a spreading branch habit.

Roxbury Russet
Sweet

Massachusetts, US early 17th century. Possibly the first named apple variety to originate in N. America from European settlers. Fruit are green/yellow, medium size, conic shape with some russet present and occasional blush on sun side. Harvest is late, mid/late bloom period, sweet flavour.

Sweet Coppin
Sweet

Unknown Parentage

Originated in Devon, England in the 18th Century. Fruit is sweet, low tannins and low acid. Makes a sweet to mildly bittersweet cider. Fruit are light yellow with partial red blush at times, medium-large size depending on crop load, and conical shape. Mid-late bloom, harvest is late season; October. Biennial bearing can be an issue and tree is susceptible to scab and powdery mildew.

Bedan des Parts
Bittersweet

Unknown Parentage

Calvados France, 19th century. Fruit are small to medium, oval shape yellow with red blush. Bloom time is late. Harvest is mid/late. Tree is precocious and productive. Disease tolerant.

Banane Amere(NVF)
Bittersweet

Chance Seedling

Discovered by Claude Jolicoeur on his property as a chance seedling in Quebec (Zone 4). Fruit are green with a slight blush possible, medium size, very bitter with faint banana aroma. Similar to Yarlington Mill but more bitter. Harvest is September in Quebec. Tree is hardy. Due to strong tannins it is not recommended to use more than 10% of this fruit in your blends. Fruit have low juice yield, mid-high sugars, low acid, hard bitter tannins. Picture from Claude Jolicoeur.

Bilodeau(NVF)
Bittersweet

Mistake from nursery

Discovered by Claude Jolicoeur as a mislabelled variety from a nursery. This is a crab apple and may in fact (probably is) an already named variety. Nonetheless, this variety is a good blender. High sugars, high acids, medium tannins, good juice yield. Tree is hardy with good vigour. Fruit may have russet some years. Tree is hardy. Picture from Claude Jolicoeur.

Binet Rouge
Bittersweet

Originated in Normandy region, France. Vigour is weak, biennial with good crop in ‘on year’. Long flowering period. Susceptible to fire blight, mildew, scab. Harvest is late, fruit have some red stripes/blush and yellow background colour.

Brown Snout (BSW)
Bittersweet

Originated in Herefordshire, UK, mid-19th century. Bloom is late season, fruit are small, green with patches of russet, particularly at calyx end. Very susceptible to fire blight and biennial. Late season harvest.

Bulmers Norman (BSW)
Bittersweet

Mistake from nursery

Originated in Normandy. Hard bitter tannin, large spreading tree, branches prone to breaking and susceptible to scab. Mid-season bloom. Triploid, late maturity; mid-October. Biennial bearing can be an issue but heavy crops in ‘on-year’, winter hardy. Fruit are green and large, conical shape, stem bowl russet.

Chisel Jersey
Bittersweet

Somerset UK, 1800’s. Fruit are striped/streaked red over-colour with yellow/green under-colour, medium size. Late season harvest.

Dabinett
Bittersweet

Chisel Jersey Seedling

Martock, Somerset, UK. Precocious, productive, late maturity, weak vigour. Fruit is sweet, well balanced; making a full bodied cider; good vintage quality single varietal stout or blended. Tree produces small wood, fruit up top can break tops, lots of limb breaks; need to prune to thicken up branches. Trees are annual, good productivity with wide branch angles and no blind wood. Mid-late season bloom. Fruit are red over colour, yellow/greed ground colour, small to medium size depending on crop load, can have fruit drop at harvest which is late season.

Domaine
Bittersweet

Fruit are red, streaked over-colour, yellow/green background colour, round/squat shape. Harvest is mid/late season.

Douce de Charlevoix(NVF)
Bittersweet

Chance Seedling

Discovered by Claude Jolicoeur as a chance seedling from the village of Baie-Saint-Paul, county of Charlevoix, QU. Fruit is conic shaped, red striped over green background. Harvest is early season similar to Bulmers Norman, tree is hardy, productive, with good vigour. Low-medium sugar, low acid, medium tannins, good juice yield. Juice characterized as similar to that produced from French varieties. Picture from Claude Jolicoeur.

Ellis Bitter(BSW)
Bittersweet

Early apple, useful for blending. Heavy annual producer. Slightly susceptible to scab. Large spreading tree. Fruit are red striped, conic shaped with narrow calyx end.

Fox Whelp
Bittersweet

Doesn’t produce many feathers until 2nd year. Bloom is early season, harvest is early season. Fruit are small, red and round. Produce a full-bodied cider, also good blended.

Frequin Rouge
Bittersweet

Normandy, France. Fruit are conic, red with blush/stripes, small/medium size fruit. Harvest is heavy and late season. Tree has moderate vigour.

Harry Masters Jersey
Bittersweet

Somerset UK, late 1800’s. Vintage quality apple, annual, moderate vigour, bloom mid-late, harvest is late season. Fruit has high tannins and sugars, poor storage, medium to large size fruit, streaked red over-colour, green/yellow background. Harvest is mid-late season.

Marechal
Bittersweet

French cider, medium size, red striped over yellow/green background, cream coloured flesh. Good blender. Reported to have good crop load and vigour. Harvest is early to mid-season.

Medaille D’or
Bittersweet

France 1884. Fruit size small to medium with green streaked colour and russet on the cheeks, stem bowl, and calyx end. Vintage quality apple, tree vigour is weak, wood breaks easily, biennial. Bloom is late season, fruit harvest late season, reports of high, ‘soft’ tannins.

Michelin
Bittersweet

Unknown Parentage

Originated in 1872, Normandy France. Fruit maturity varies at harvest, mid-late maturity; late September to early October, (just after Kingston Black) fruit will fall to ground if not harvested on time. Mildly bitter, soft tannins, precocious, productive annual producer. Can be a good stand-alone cider but also good blended. Mid-late season bloom. Slightly susceptible to scab. Fruit are small/medium yellow/green colour.

Muscadet De Dieppe
Bittersweet

Unknown Parentage

Originated in Normandy, France, 1750. Good single variety cider with fruity aroma. Fruit are orange/yellow colour, small/medium fruit size, sweet/tart and aromatic. Mid-season harvest; late September. Has medium storage.

Noel Deschamps
Bittersweet

Devon, UK. Fruit are small, flattened shaped, dark red with some stripe, very juicy.

Porters Perfection
Bittersweet

Unknown Parentage

Originated in 19th century England. Productive, late harvest maturity, vigorous tree. Fruit are a valuable blender that produce a well-balanced cider. Fused fruit is often characteristic. Fruit are small with prominent lenticels and red blush.

Somerset Redstreak
Bittersweet

Medium size, dark red colour. Excellent bittersweet taste.

Stembridge Jersey
Bittersweet

Trembletts Geneva Bitter
Bittersweet

Devon UK. Fruit are red blush/striped, conic shape. Mid-season harvest, fruit drop can be an issue. Tree has moderate vigour, biennial with good production in ‘on-year’, susceptible to scab.

White Jersey
Bittersweet

Somerset variety, low vigour, good quality juice, good for blending. Harvest is early season.

Yarlington Mill
Bittersweet

Unknown Parentage

Introduced in the 19th century from Yarlington, West Cadbury, England. Fruit are small to medium in size, conic, pale yellow background with red blush over colour. Flesh is firm, juicy, fine textured, sweet and mildly bitter, good aroma and flavour. Vintage quality cider which has good body and is mildly bitter, good stand-alone single-varietal. Not good for eating and oxidizes quickly when cut. Harvest is late season; late October. Tree is precocious, productive, wide branch angles (can droop) but biennial bearing can be an issue. Lots of blind wood but responds well to scoring. Mid-late season bloom. Fire blight susceptible. Doesn’t produce many feathers until 2nd year.

Bramley’s Seedling
Sharp

Unknown Parentage

Introduced in 1856, originated in Nottinghamshire, England by Mary Anne Brailsford. Fruit are large, oblate shaped, slightly irregular. Flesh is white, juicy, firm, and coarse textured. Sharply acid flavor. Triploid, mid-late season harvest; early October. Used for ciders. Tree is hardy, vigorous, spreading, partial tip bearer. Prone to biennial bearing and bitter pit, tolerant to scab and powdery mildew.

Burgundy
Sharp

Monroe x N.Y. 18491 (Macoun x Antonovka)

Introduced in 1974 from R.D. Way, R.C. Lamb; New York Agricultural Experimental Station, USA. Fruit are medium/large in size, oblate shaped, dark red skin, firm, crisp, juicy, sub acid flavour. Early season harvest; early September. Tree is vigorous and moderately productive. Sunburn and watercore can be a problem; also susceptible to scab, cedar apple rust, and fireblight. Fresh eating, short storage life. Fruit hangs well, annual bearing. Pollinize Gala, cold hardy to USDA zone 5.

Esopus Spitzenberg
Sharp

Unknown Parentage

Introduced before 1790, from Esopus, New York, USA. Fruit are medium to large in size, conic/round-conic shape, and slight ribbing and crowing is present. Skin can be tough and waxy, red over colour and russeted lenticels. Flavour is aromatic, sub acid, good eating apple. Excellent storage, tree is hardy, weak vigour, willowy limbs. Biennial bearing can be an issue if not thinned properly. Bloom is early to mid-season. Susceptible to canker, scab, fireblight, powdery mildew, scald. Reportedly Thomas Jefferson’s favorite apple.

Harrison(NVF)
Sharp

Old American heirloom apple thought lost until recent years (recovered in 1977). Fruit are medium size, yellow colour and prominent lenticels. Fruit may be slightly long in shape. Long stem. Prized as a blending cider apple. Picture from Wikipedia

Winesap
Sharp

Unknown Parentage

Introduced in 1817 from New Jersey, USA. Medium to large fruit, round/oblong shape. Eye basin is ribbed. Stem bowl cavity often russeted. Red striped/blush over yellow ground colour. Fruit are juicy, firm, moderately crisp, sub acid flavour. Used as a dessert apple, cooking and cider. Tree is moderately cold hardy, vigorous, biennial bearing may be an issue. Mid-season bloom, pink blossoms which produce very little pollen. Susceptible to apple scab, and scald. Fruit hang well on tree.

Cap of Liberty
Bittersharp

13th Century. Mid-season harvest, yellow background with red streaks in foreground.

Kingston Black (NVF)
Bittersharp

Unknown Parentage

Originated in Kingston, England in the 19th century. Vintage cider; can be a stand-alone cider with strong apple aroma, but better blended; full bodied, distinct flavour, mid-late season, harvested at late Gala pick (mid-late September) and falls to the ground if not harvested. Tree has moderate vigor, spreading tree habit, susceptible to scab, canker and biennial bearing. Fruit are medium size, and red in colour.

Stoke Red
Bittersharp

Vintage quality apple, weak vigour tree, bloom is mid/late season, harvest is late season. High quality apple for blending or single variety. Reported to have very low incidence of scab.